References

1. ^ jewel. (n.d.). Dictionary.com Unabridged (v 1.1). Retrieved on August 7, 2007, from the Dictionary.com website.
2. ^ Study reveals 'oldest jewellery', BBC News, June 22, 2006.
3. ^ Kunz, PhD, DSc, George Frederick (1917). Magic of Jewels and Charms. John Lippincott Co.. URL: Magic Of jewels: Chapter VII Amulets George Frederick Kunz was gemmologist for Tiffany's built the collections of banker J.P. Morgan and the American Natural History Museum in NY City. This chapter deals entirely with using jewels and gemstones in jewellery for talismanic purposes in Western Cultures. The next chapter deals with other, indigenous cultures.
4. ^ ^{a b c} Holland, J. 1999. The Kingfisher History Encyclopedia. Kingfisher books.
5. ^ Morris, Desmond. Body Guards: Protective Amulets and Charms. Element, 1999, ISBN 1-86204-572-0.
6. ^ McCreight, Tim. Jewelry: Fundamentals of Metalsmithing. Design Books International, 1997 ISBN 1-880140-29-2
7. ^ http://lgdl.gia.edu/pdfs/janse-table1.pdf
8. ^ Pliny. Natural History XXXVI, 15
9. ^ Microsoft Word - WMP 2001-2005 title.doc
10. ^ Natural Diamond: World Production, By Country And Type
11. ^ Silver Stars Collection Gemstone Glossary
12. ^ Nassau, K. (1980).Gems made by man. ISBN 0801967732
13. ^ Jewelry-Encyclopedia.com
14. ^ Pliny the Elder. The Natural History. ed. John Bostock, H.T. Riley, Book XXXIII The Natural History of Metals Online at the Perseus Project Chapter 4. Accessed July 2006
15. ^ Howard, Vicky. "A real Man's Ring: Gender and the Invention of Tradition." Journal of Social History, Summer 2003, pp 837-856.
16. ^ Yusuf al-Qaradawi. The Lawful and Prohibited in Islam (online)
17. ^ Greenbaum, Toni. "SILVER SPEAKS: TRADITIONAL JEWELRY FROM THE MIDDLE EAST". Metalsmith, Winter2004, Vol. 24, Issue 1, p.56. Greenbaum provides the explanation for the lack of historical examples; the majority of Islamic jewellery was in the form of bridal dowries, and traditionally was not handed down from generation to generation; instead, on a woman's death it was sold at the souk and recycled or sold to passers-by. Islamic jewellery from before the 19th century is thus exceedingly rare.
18. ^ ^{a b c d e} Reader's Digest Association. 1986. The last 2 million years. Reader's Digest. ISBN 0-86438-007-0
19. ^ Nemet-Nejat, Daily Life, 155–157.
20. ^ Nemet-Nejat, Daily Life, 295–297.
21. ^ Nemet-Nejat, Daily Life, 297.
22. ^ Treister, Mikhail YU. "Polychrome Necklaces from the Late Hellenistic Period." Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia 2004, Vol. 10 Issue 3/4, p199-257, 59p.
23. ^ Duby Georges and Philippe Ariès, eds. A History of Private Life Vol 1 - From Pagan Rome to Byzantium. Harvard, 1987. p 506
24. ^ Duby, throughout.
25. ^ Sherrard, P. 1972. Great Ages of Man: Byzantium. Time-Life International.
26. ^ Scarisbrick, Diana. Rings: Symbols of Wealth, Power, and Affection. New York: Abrams, 1993. ISBN 0-8109-3775-1 p77.
27. ^ ^{a b} Farndon, J. 2001. 1,000 Facts on Modern History. Miles Kelly Publishing.
28. ^ Ilse-Neuman, Ursula. Book review “Schmuck/Jewellery 1840-1940: Highlights from the Schmuckmuseum Pforzheim.’’ ‘’Metalsmith’’. Fall2006, Vol. 26 Issue 3, p12-13, 2p
29. ^ Constantino, Maria. Art Nouveau. Knickerbocker Press; 1999 ISBN 1-57715-074-0 as well as Ilse-Neuman 2006.
30. ^ Untracht, Oppi. Traditional Jewellery of India. New York: Abrams, 1997 ISBN 0-8109-3886-3. p15.
31. ^ Lu, Peter J., "Early Precision Compound Machine from Ancient China." Science, 6/11/2004, Vol. 304, Issue 5677
32. ^ ^{a b c} Reader's Digest Association. 1983. Vanished Civilisations. Reader's Digest.
33. ^ Untracht, Oppi. Traditional Jewellery of India. New York: Abrams, 1997 ISBN 0-8109-3886-3. p15.
34. ^ Larco Hoyle, Rafael (2008). Museo Larco. Experience Ancient Peru. Lima: Museo Larco. ISBN 978-9972-9341-2-4.
35. ^ Josephy Jr, A.M. 1994. 500 Nations: The Illustrated History of North American Indians. Alfred A. Knopf. Inc.
36. ^ ^{a b} Neich, R., Pereira, F. 2004. Pacific Jewellery and Adornment. David Bateman & Auckland Museum. ISBN 1-86953-535-9.
37. ^ Dorling Kindersley Ltd. 1989. Facts and Fallacies: Stories of the Strange and Unusual. Reader's Digest. 11-13.
38. ^ McCrieght, Tim. "What's New?" Metalsmith Spring 2006, Vol. 26 Issue 1, p42-45, 4p
39. ^ Nineteenth-Century American Jewelry | Thematic Essay | Timeline of Art History | The Metropolitan Museum of Art
40. ^ ^{a b} Packard, M. 2002. Ripley's Believe it or not: Special Edition. Scholastic Inc. 22.
41. ^ Moss, Madonna L. "George Catlin among the Nayas: Understanding the practice of labret wearing on the Northwest Coast." Ethnohistory Winter99, Vol. 46 Issue 1, p31, 35p.
42. ^ KPMG India (2007). "Global Jewelry Consumption". Gems and Gemology (GIA) XLIII (Summer 2007):